Saturday, August 22, 2020

My sop to nyu review Free Essays

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Sunday, August 16, 2020

Are Girls Naughtier Than Boys

Are Girls Naughtier Than Boys The OE Blog A recent survey of UK teachers suggests that girls’ bad behaviour is becoming more of a concern in the classroom than boys’. But is it true, and how does it impact on their work? Our blog ‘Are Girls Smarter than Boys?’ produced a record number of views and comments, proving that this has always been a hot topic in education. In that blog, we asked why girls consistently out-perform boys in examination and test results, and considered whether the answer could be that they were simply more academically intelligent! A lot of research and many heated comments later, we concluded that the skewed statistics are more likely to be the result of girls maturing earlier and being a little more conscientious about school work and revision than boys, particularly at a young age. So does this new information about girls’ behaviour turn those conclusions on their head? Boys have always traditionally been considered more likely to play the prankster in class than girls, who are usually considered more likely to be hard-working and well-behaved. But according to the new survey, of 859 members of the Teachers and Lecturers Association, those on the front line of classroom discipline believe that girls’ behaviour has worsened more than boys’ over the past two years. Teachers taking part in the survey also highlighted the differences between ‘bad behaviour’ in the two sexes, with more physical aggressiveness and fighting being attributed to boys,whilst girls were more likely to be accused of “bullying…making snide looks and comments”. One teacher said “girls spread rumours and fallouts last a long time…boys tend to sort it out more quickly.” So perhaps the long-term, war of attrition favoured by naughty girls allows them time to get on with their school work in between, whilst brawling boys are too busy scrapping to read their books? Certainly the statistics do not show any deterioration in girls’ examination superiority to imply that this worsening of behaviour is having a negative effect on their academic attainment. So perhaps what is most worrying about this survey is not so much the difference between the sexes, but rather the overwhelming sense that teachers believe classroom behaviour overall is getting worse and worse every year. With the ever increasing implementation of checks and limits on teachers, many have accused the government of “turning a blind eye” to the problem and leaving educators helpless to create a disciplined environment in which to teach effectively. Even a Department for Education spokesperson admitted that “teachers can’t teach effectively and pupils can’t learn if discipline is poor or there is continual low-level disruption”. So just why are school-children getting naughtier, and what can be done to give power back to teachers? Many blame the modern digital age, where children are raised glued to television, Gameboys and social networking sites, with electronic interaction increasingly replacing actual face-to-face engagement with other children. Others claim that the influence of increasingly rude and violent media, from rappers to songs to expletive-ridden video games is to blame. But surely all this is in the hands of the parents who send these children to school? These are all elements that may be carefully monitored and policed by parents, but over which teachers have very little control. Why should children behave badly and refuse to respect their teachers if they arrive in a disciplined and polite frame of mind? Whilst the government promises “were giving teachers tough new powers and underlining their clear authority to crackdown on badly-behaved pupils”, it seems that the problem might be mos t effectively solved by shifting the focus a little closer to home.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Critical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger

Ð ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Forth year English studies SHUMEN†¦show more content†¦Firstly, few words need to be said about the tiger’s reputation as an animal, in the author’s time. Thomas Bewick’s â€Å"A General History of Quadrupeds† describes it in the following way:† fierce without provocation, and cruel without necessity, its thirst for blood is insatiable†. At that time, the word tiger had turned into a trope for fear, terror and cruelty. For instance, on the seventh of January 1792, Times compares the French cruelty with that of tigers and wolves. All this means that by penning the image of his tiger, Blake had an awful and cruel animal in mind, one of the most ferocious and bloodthirsty â€Å"†¦Dare its deadly terrors clasp†. This is confirmed by the horror the poetic speaker feels, when speaking for the tiger and at times even losing his grammar. Allegedly, Blake might have seen a tiger in London in the traveling menageries. Secondly, special attention is to be paid to the image behind the animal. Many literary critics believe that the tiger is a kind of a cousin of Job’s Leviathan in the book of Job. Indisputably, many a Bible commentator agrees that this Leviathan is the Evil One. Not only that, but, the poetic speaker’s depiction of the tiger evokes other images from the Bible that lead us to such conclusions. For instance, the words: â€Å"burning bright in the forests of the night† - burning bright refers to celestial beings in the Bible. The book of EzekielShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1378 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagessix-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifying creature, a tiger. AsRead MoreEnglish Preromanticism: William Blake3403 Words   |  14 PagesPreromanticism: William Blake Term Paper Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. M. Ã…  idlauskas 2008 CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............3 1. William Blake-a forerunner of English Romanticism 1 William Blake-a social critic of his own time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2 William Blake’s ideas and the Modern World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 2. â€Å"Songs of innocence and of Experience†-the most popular W.Blake’s poem book 1 The social significance of W. Blake’s work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8Read More Creating Blakes Tyger Essay3597 Words   |  15 PagesCreating Blake’s â€Å"Tyger† The Eighteenth-century British Romantic, William Blake, was an accomplished painter, engraver, and illustrator during his lifetime, but is best remembered for his poetry. Though Blake’s genius was generally dismissed by the public of his own era and he died with little acclaim, he has since been regarded as one of the greatest figures of the Romantic Movement. Whether with paint or pen, Blake is renowned for his ability to create works of art which, over Critical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger Ð ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Forth year English studies SHUMEN 2013 â€Å"The Tyger†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Did God smile to see his work – Lucifer and the fallen angels? Did God really make them? Are they His work? And from that moment the â€Å"burning bright†, the cherub, who walked among the fiery stones, found himself in the forest of the night - the night of darkness, chaos, hatred and death. Thirdly, it is necessary to note that there are also references to mythical heroes in the poem, For example:†on what wings dare he aspire?† might be a reference to Icarus. â€Å"What the hand, dare seize the fire† is probably a hint to Prometheus. In the same string of thoughts, I would like to insert some opinions about the creator of the tiger that differ from the above mentioned and generally put the poem into quite different setting. According to them, the Man is the creator of the tiger and â€Å"th e deep forest of the night† is actually his mental darkness. Few words need to be said about the dissimilarity between the tiger in the text and the drawing. It is really perplexing because the picture shows rather a pathetic tiger. But as I am discussing the stance of the poetic speaker and not the artist’s drawings I will not pay special attention to this fact. In conclusion, I will again point out the fact thatShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of William Blakes Poem The Tiger1393 Words   |  6 PagesÐ ¨Ã £ÃÅ"ЕÐ Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœ Ð £Ã ÃËœÃâ€™Ãâ€¢Ã  Ã ¡ÃËœÃ ¢Ãâ€¢Ã ¢ â€Å"ЕПИÐ ¡ÃÅ¡ÃÅ¾ÃÅ¸ КОÐ Ã ¡Ã ¢Ã Ã Ã ¢ÃËœÃ  ПÐ  Ãâ€¢Ã ¡Ãâ€ºÃ Ãâ€™Ã ¡ÃÅ¡ÃËœÃ¢â‚¬  Ð ¤Ã °Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'…Ã'Æ'Ð ¼Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ ¸ Project title: Write a critical analysis of William Blakes poem The Tiger paying special attention to the stance of the poetic speaker Name: ИÐ ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¸Ã ½ ИÐ ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ² ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ² Faculty number: 1063 Read MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagessix-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifying creature, a tiger. AsRead MoreEnglish Preromanticism: William Blake3403 Words   |  14 PagesPreromanticism: William Blake Term Paper Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. M. Ã…  idlauskas 2008 CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............3 1. William Blake-a forerunner of English Romanticism 1 William Blake-a social critic of his own time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2 William Blake’s ideas and the Modern World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 2. â€Å"Songs of innocence and of Experience†-the most popular W.Blake’s poem book 1 The social significance of W. Blake’s work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8Read More Creating Blakes Tyger Essay3597 Words   |  15 PagesCreating Blake’s â€Å"Tyger† The Eighteenth-century British Romantic, William Blake, was an accomplished painter, engraver, and illustrator during his lifetime, but is best remembered for his poetry. Though Blake’s genius was generally dismissed by the public of his own era and he died with little acclaim, he has since been regarded as one of the greatest figures of the Romantic Movement. Whether with paint or pen, Blake is renowned for his ability to create works of art which, over

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Victor Frankenstein As A Hero - 1598 Words

Although some critics view Victor Frankenstein as a Tragic Hero because of his one essential flaw, his overambitious desire to discover what cannot be known, he is truly a Byronic Hero by definition. Although Victor is of a higher social class than the average person and his essential flaw triumphs all of his others, he has a deeply troubled past, struggles with integrity, secludes himself away from society, and is a willful individual who seeks redemption by carving out his own path. Victor’s many, deep flaws, which often induce the reader to believe that he is actually the antagonist and the Monster the hero, and ultimate redemption in telling Robert Walton his life’s story make him a Byronic Hero. Although Victor’s family was one of the most distinguished of the republic of Geneva and his parents were possessed by the â€Å"very spirit of kindness / And indulgence,† (Shelley 39) his days were not filled with happiness. His troubled past started the day Elizabeth caught scarlet fever, delaying his departure for Ingolstadt. Although Victor’s mother, Caroline, was able to cure her, she died in her place. The destruction of a dear bond by an irreparable evil surely would have caused anyone to suffer, but as time came, Caroline’s death became â€Å"rather an / Indulgence than a necessity† (Shelley 45) to Victor; it was nothing more than something that delayed his departure for Ingolstadt. Because Victor is in a situation where he no longer has control, his psyche must carry the burdenShow MoreRelatedVictor Frankenstein: Epic Hero Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesoriginated. The historic book Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley descr ibes a man who creates a creature out of dead body parts of humans. Although this monster was meant for good purposes, it eventually leads to destruction including multiple murders. However, Victor Frankenstein can actually be determined as a hero by the ways in which he fits within the interpretation of an epic hero. Gregory Nagy describes these traits when he writes: â€Å"The words ‘epic’ and ‘hero’ both defy generalizationRead MoreVictor Frankenstein: a Tragic Hero Essay759 Words   |  4 Pageslandscapes (Frye 1). Few characters illustrate this characteristic of a tragic hero better than that of Victors Frankenstein, the protagonist of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. His story is one of a brilliant man whose revolutionary ideas brought suffering to himself, his family and friends, and his creation. Victor is an instrument as well as a victim to this suffering throughout his story. From the early chapters of the novel, Victor narrates a childhood, schooling, and career filled with an unstoppableRead MoreFrankenstein Byronic Hero Analysis1070 Words   |  5 Pages The Byronic hero as presented in Lord Byron’s â€Å"Manfred,† is a protagonist who has traits, including: a troubled background, high self esteem, isolation from society, an exaggerated sense of independence, and genuine guilt. All of these traits Manfred bears, and Victor shares in a differing form. The differences between Manfred and Victor begin with their feelings of guilt and continue through the amount of control they give up over themselves. The guilt of Victor is false when compared with thatRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Romantic Ideology Of A Byronic Hero1270 Words   |  6 PagesMary Wollstonecraft Shelly. Her novel Frankenstein, which was published in 1818, incorporates different characteristics of Romanticism in many aspects but more directly through the characters. With an analysis of Victor Frankenstein, the monster, and Henry Clerval, it is clear that the characters of Frankenstein epitomize ideologies that were embodied during the Romantic Era including the Byronic hero, and emphasis on nature’s significance. Victor Frankenstein s character is an example of the romanticRead MoreFrankenstein as Anti-Hero Character1578 Words   |  7 PagesSUCI HANIFAH LITERARY CRITICISM II EDRIA SANDIKA/MARLIZA YENI 8 MAY 2013 Frankenstein as Anti Hero Character A women who wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† named, Mary Shelley, she was born August 30, 1797, in London, England. Mary Shelley came from a rich literary heritage. She was the daughter of William Godwin, a political theorist, novelist, and publisher. Her ideas to write Frankenstein cameon summer of 1816, Mary and his brother Percy visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in SwitzerlandRead MoreByronic Hero In Frankenstein1563 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a critique of the Byronic hero, as exemplified in Lord Byron’s â€Å"Manfred.† The Byronic hero is a protagonist who has the following traits: self-inflicted agony, a high self esteem, isolation from society, an exaggerated sense of independence, and genuine guilt. All of these traits Manfred bears, but Victor lacks two of these attributes. The lead protagonists, Victor and Manfred, have two key differences: genuine remorse and independence. Victor’s guilt is false whenRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe s Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, And The Tell Tale Heart1579 Words   |  7 PagesGothic Frankenstein The amount of scary books, dark video games and horror movies in the horror genre is unparalleled by any other single genre. People who take part in this genre enjoy the heart-pounding thrill of being scared or the long drawn out tension that causes them to sit on the edge of their seat. Historically many of the early examples of the horror or gothic genre like Dracula by Bram Stoker, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, and The Tell Tale Heart by EdgarRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein1179 Words   |  5 PagesRepentance and stubbornness A hero is someone who remains seen in literature as a person with great courage and strength, yet though not always the case. The hero usually takes risk for the greater good. The Romantic hero becomes a type of literary idol with different morals. They are passionate about what they love, becoming obsessed with their newfound passion and become determined to perfect at what they do. They eventually become tragically doomed through creating their own individual moralRead MoreAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein781 Words   |  4 PagesAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein is a gothic novel which was published in the 19th century, and was written by Mary Shelley. In the 19th century the most popular types of novels were horror. This novel was an early example of a thriller. One of the main reasons why Mary Shelley wrote a book about science, horror and suffering was because she knew that people in the 19thRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein and Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus1286 Words   |  6 PagesSuperman, Spiderman, Iron Man, Batman; these are some examples of the modern day hero. Most call this form of a hero a Super Hero. In the early nineteenth century, the popular hero of the day was the romantic hero. Mary Shelly gives a great picture of this hero in her novel Frankenstein. She uses Victor Frankenstein, the creator of the famous â€Å"Frankenstein’s Monster† as her character which embodies the traits of a romantic hero. The model was relatively new; however, Christopher Marlowe had written a character

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

ABC system Free Essays

string(30) " costs such as machine power\." A. ) Critically discuss the way (ABC) operates, referring to pools, drivers and activity hierarchy. Definition Activity based costing (ABC) is a cost accounting approach concerned with matching costs with activities (called cost drivers) that cause those costs. We will write a custom essay sample on ABC system or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is more sophisticated kind of absorption- costing and replaces labour based costing system. ABC states that (1) products consume activities, (2) it is the activities (and not the products), that consume resources, (3) activities are the costs drivers, and (4) that activities are not necessarily based on the volume of production. Instead of allocating costs to cost centres ( such as manufacturing, marketing, finance), ABC allocates direct and indirect costs to activities such as processing an order, attending to a customer complaint, or setting up a machine. A subset of activity based management (ABM), it enables management to better understand (A) how and where the firm makes a profit, (B) indicates where money is being spent and (C) which areas have the greatest potential for cost reduction. The motivation to choose the ABC system is because it is too difficult to assign some cost like, indirect cost, management salaries and office staff salaries through Absorption costing. And this method (ABC) has found its niche in the manufacturing sector. It can be applied to derive realistic costs in a complex business environment. It can be applied to all overhead costs, not just production overhead and also it can be used just as easily in service costing as in product costing. Although it is apparent that ABC alleviates considerably many of the worst effects if the arbitrary product line cost allocations inherent in many conventional systems, it does not eliminate the mall. Cost pool: some measure of cost apportionment may still be required at the stage of cost pooling. Overheads common to more than one cost pool (especially in the absence of specific resource metering) could include rent rates, insurance, building deprecation, power, heat, and light. They may require to be attached to cost pools although no definition means of doing this is available. Indeed the proliferation of cost pools under an ABC system could increase the amount of such apportionment which is necessary. Cost drivers: once pooled an appropriate cost driver must be used to attach cost to individual products. It is doubtful whether even a very detailed segmentation of cost into a large number of cost pools will ever achieve a perfect homogeneity within each pool. Thus the ability of a single cost driver to fully explain the cost behaviour of a cost pool is questionable. In order to have a usable cost driver a cost must be caused by an activity that is measurable in quantitative terms and which in turn can be related through this measure to production output. Not all costs will be readily susceptible to this process. For example, it will be difficult to identify meaningful cost drivers for corporate as opposed to based advertising, top managerial activity relating to the business as a whole and other general costs such as external audit, finance costs and goodwill amortisation. It is doubtful that ABC system can completely avoid the problem of cost commonality at the stage of applying cost driver rates to achieve product line costs. This will occur where the chosen cost driver relates t more than one product. For example where a maintenance hour is spent in repairing a facility used by several products or a purchases order contains items used on many different products. The cost of that hour or invoice is not specific to one product but will have to be spread over all products affected on the basis of the cost driver weightings given to each of the relevant products. The selection of cost driver is not automatically provided mangers with an easy-to-step cost control ‘handle’. (ABC book, p. 109). Also this ABC system is not good for making decision because this is not true cost this is based on average cost. Disadvantages ABC will be of limited benefit if the overhead costs are primarily volume related or if the overhead is a small proportion of the overall cost. The choice of both activities and cost drivers might be inappropriate. It is impossible to allocate all overhead costs to specific activities. And it can be more complex to explain to the shareholders of the costing excise. Although the benefits obtained from ABC might not justify the costs. ABC operating way ABC has two stage to produce the first one is the Cost pool and the second one is the Cost drivers which are linked to the activity hierarchy. And the activity hierarchy is based on five different activity, such a Unit-level activities, Batch-level activities, Product-level activities and Facility activities. Cost pool A cost pool is an activity that consumes resources and for which overhead costs are identified and allocated. Cost pools are the grouping expenses, which is a locatable of accounts serving to express the cost of goods and service, within a business or manufacturing organization. The Principe behind the pool is the direct and indirect cost to be correlated with specific cost drivers, so to find out, the total of expense associated with the production of a product. Cost driver A cost driver is the units of an activity cost an activity cost driver is something that drivers the cost of a particular activity. A factory can run such machine as an activity. The activity cost driver with the execution of the two machines are connected, could be machine hours, what is the cost of Labour, maintenance and energy consumption drive the machinery activity. An activity can have more than one cost driver attached to it. For example, a production activity may have the following associated cost drivers a machine, machine operates, floor space occupied, power consumed, and the quantity of waste and or rejected output. The ABC activity hierarchy has five levels: Level one: Unit basis- costs are primarily dependent on the volume of production. This category will therefore include costs such as machine power. You read "ABC system" in category "Essay examples" Level two: Batch basis- costs primarily dependent on the number of batches. This category will include the costs of set-up and batch monitoring. Level three: Process level- costs are primarily dependent on the existence of process. This category will include such costs as quantity control and supervision. Level four: Product level- costs are primarily dependent on the existence of the product group or line. This is management and parts administration. Level five: Facility level- costs are primarily dependent on the existence of a production facility or plan. Costs as rent, rates and general management. Example of Cost pools and Cost drivers Direct labor hors Supervising cost pool Number of parts Painting cost pool Number of test Inspection and testing cost pool Number of parts Assembling cost pool Machine hours Machine cost pool Number of set ups Setting up Machines cost pool Number of purchases orders Ordering and Receiving Material cost pool Classify in Activity Based Costing method to cost driver is very necessary for unit costs and total costs. We know that. Costing on the concept that products consume activities and activities consume resources based Pools of activity, we find cost drivers. Assume a company wants to produce several products. At this time, what with companies to calculate the unit cost? Only by the raw material and labour costs and production overheads to absorb direct labour hours or machine hours is not good way. There will be many activities in which we are spending money, such a number of purchases order, number of setups, machine hours, number of parts, number of test and direct labour hours. B. ) What kinds of firms/products would you advise to use ABC? It would be advisable for big or/large companies with multiple products to use ABC, because for these companies it makes a lot of logic with multiple products or services who are distress from inaccurate costing information and need to know which products are really winners and which are losers. For these companies the effort required to successfully implement ABC is worth the time and resources. ABC can identify high overhead costs per unit and find ways to reduce the costs, avoid decreases in head counts due to inaccurate allocation of costs, and measure profitability with higher accuracy than traditional costing that uses direct-labor hours as the only cost driver. ABC is most useful when you have lots of overhead and a bunch of different products. In any environment that doesn’t have a lot of overhead; ABC isn’t worth the work and won’t deliver insights. Also, ABC doesn’t make sense in any business that sells a single product or that provides a single service, hich is usually the case in a small firm. The reasons for implementing ABC is many Companies they will have better Management, good budgeting, performance measurement, calculating costs more accurately, ensuring product/customer profitability, evaluating and justifying investments in new technologies, improving product quality via better product and process design, increasing competitiven ess or coping with more competition Similarly, when assessing the costs of products and services, ABC can illustrate the costs of them and help in establishing the profitability of the individual products and services. This can be particularly useful in modern economies where companies are increasingly trying to differentiate and personalise both products and services and tailor them to individual needs and requirements ABC can be used on wide ranges of products, and also in modern manufacturing. This system is also good for a lot of non-factoring-floor activities such as product design, quality control, production planning and customer services. Here are some examples of ABC users in the UK: British Aerospace (defence) Hewlett Packard (electronics) IBM (electronics) Black and Decker (tools) Royal Bank of Scotland (banking) Cummins Engines (engineering) Guinness (drinks) DHL (couriers) Norwich union (insurance) Lucas industries (engineering) Nissan Yamato (cars) Seven Trent Water (water) C. ) Evaluate the extra commercial value of using ABC in comparison with standard absorption costing. ABC has been developed to solve the problems that traditional costing methods create in these modern environments. The Activity based costing (ABC) assigns manufacturing overhead costs to products in a more reasonable manner than the traditional approach of basically allocating costs on the basis of machine hours. Activity based costing first assigns costs to the activities that are the real cause of the overhead. It then assigns the cost of those activities only to the products that are actually demanding the activities The Traditional accounting focuses on what it cost to do something, for example, to cut a screw thread; activity based costing also records the cost of not doing, such as the cost of waiting for needed for part. ABC records the costs that traditional cost accounting does not do. Any unit cost, no matter how it is derived, can be misinterpreted. There is temptation to adopt a simplistic approach. This would say for example, that if it cost 10000 to produce ten units, it will cost 10000 to produce 100units. As we know, this in incorrect in the short term, owing to the existence of short-term fixed cost. The ABC approach does not eliminate this problem anymore than the traditional approach. The alternative to presenting full absorption costing information in a traditional costing system has been to prodive the user with a marginal costing statement which distinguishes clearly between the variable cost of production and the fixed cost of production. This carries an implication for the decision-maker that if the variable cost of production is 100 for 20 units, the additional cost of producing a further 50 units will be 50Ãâ€"5=250 The traditional method of costing relied on the arbitrary addition of a proportion of overhead costs on to direct costs to attain a total product costs. The traditional approach to cost allocation relies on three basic steps. Advantages of ABC ABC provides a more accurate cost per unit. As a result, pricing, sales, strategy, performance management and decision making should be improved. ABC also provides much better insight into what drives overhead costs. And it recognises that overhead costs are not all related to production and sales volume. In many businesses, overhead costs are a significant proportion of total costs, and management needs to understand the drivers of overhead costs in order to manage the business properly. Overhead costs can be controlled by the managing cost drivers. D. )Research and briefly trace the main developments in ABC theory from 1988 to date Activity based costing (ABC) is a cost allocation model pioneered by Harvard Cooper and Kaplan (1988) in the field of the management account. Studies have investigated the structure of ABC models that emerge from the process (e. g. Noreen Sanderson, ABC has been successfully applied manufacturing and service industries (Helmi Hindi, 1996; Kroll 1996; Reimann Kaplan 1990) for improving tactical and strategic decision making and for enhancing corporate cost control and customer profitability (Bradway Ross 2000; Mabberly 1998). In 1999 Peter F. Drucker explained in the book Management Challenges of the 21st Century, that traditional accounting focuses on what it cost to do something, for example, to cut a screw thread; activity based costing also records the cost of not doing, such as the cost of waiting for needed for part. ABC records the costs that traditional cost accounting does not do. Granof Platt Vaysmann (2000) discuss ABC implementation in the public sector, by using the example of a university department. They have demonstrate the validity of ABC method application in accordance with university process How to cite ABC system, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Good Fences Make Good Neighbours Essay Sample free essay sample

Make Good Fences Make Good Neighbors? addresses the historical impact of strategic barriers. defined here as â€Å"continuous or reciprocally back uping plants denying the enemy avenues of onslaught across a forepart. † In his debut. Brent Sterling argues for the relevancy of such an assessment given the reclamation of involvement in strategic defence around the universe ( old fashioned walls. every bit good as more novel missile defences ) and the shallow argument environing it. the â€Å"dynamic† of which â€Å"is for critics and advocates to speak past each other. adding extremely subjective versions of the past to bolster their statements. † with even usually discreet historiographers â€Å"prone to use sweeping word pictures on this subject. † That job is in all likeliness a by-product of the dearth of serious research on the topic of munition in recent old ages. ( An scrutiny of Parameters’ index of books reviewed between 1996 and 2010. for ca se. shows merely one covering with the subject. Transgressing the Fortress Wall. a RAND Corporation monograph from 2007 focused on the exposure of modern substructure to terrorism. ) By and big. the available literature examines peculiar defensive plants. struggles. or periods ( for case. Medieval palaces or Civil War garrisons ) . or is portion of broader histories of wars and warfare ( such as John Keegan’s 1992 A History of Warfare. which Sterling cites three times in his treatment of rudimentss in his first chapter—a trust that is stating ) . Naturally. serious book-length surveies offering cross-cultural comparings. or covering specifically with strategic barriers as a category. are even rarer than composing on munition in general. which is by itself adequate to do Sterling’s book worthy of attending. The involvement of the book is reinforced by its peculiar attack to the capable affair. stressing the consequence of such defences on the behaviour of major histrions involved by manner of three cardinal inquiries: foremost. how the barrier affects â€Å"adversary perceptual experiences of the edifice state’s purpose and capableness . † and how it shapes their subsequent behaviour ; 2nd. the consequence of the system on the immediate and long-run â€Å"military balance† ; and eventually. the influence of the barrier on the â€Å"subsequent mentality. policy argument. and behaviour within the forming province. † In seeking to reply these inquiries. Sterling opts for in-depth scrutinies of a six instances. each a state of affairs in which plausible options to barrier-building existed. Consequently. he excludes defences hastily thrown up in wartime. or those made ineluctable by the failing of the edifice power compared with its antagonist ( as with the World War II–era German Gustav Line and Finnish Mannerheim Line. severally ) . Making the concluding cut are ancient Athens’s Long Walls. Hadrian’s Wall in Britain. the Ming Dynasty’s Great Wall. Louis XIV’s Pre Carre. the Gallic Maginot Line. and the Israeli Bar-Lev Line. Ultimately. Sterling concludes that barriers are neither useless nor a Panacea. Properly constructed barriers are often effectual militarily. enforcing costs on hostile incursions. decelerating enemy progresss. coercing the aggressors to alter their behaviour in important ways ( such as by seeking ways around the barrier ) . and offering othe r utilizations ( such as supplying a base for forward operations ) . However. barriers are dearly-won to adequately construct. maintain. and adult male. plenty so that the builders normally fail to prolong the needed investing over clip. Sterling besides notes the inclination of the military balance to switch off from the wall-builders over clip. as their oppositions learn to besiege or get the better of the barriers ( a job that may hold worsened with the increasing celerity of technological alteration in modern times ) . while the â€Å"deterrence by denial† that the barriers provide must frequently be backed by â€Å"deterrence by punishment† in the instance of extremely motivated oppositions. More basically. strategic defences can non replace for a sound strategic orientation toward both Alliess and oppositions. who can be alienated or even antagonized by the barriers. Additionally. such barriers can further a sense of â€Å"subjective† security that reinforces bing inclinations in behaviour that may be inappropriate to a give n state of affairs. such as inordinate risk-taking or the turning away of deeper solutions to jobs that arise ( political or military ) . which besides raises the hazard of disproportional demoralisation when the sense of impregnability the barriers provide is punctured by their failure. Sterling concedes the bounds that a individual research worker faces in covering with such a broad scope of capable affair in his debut. and at the same clip. the limited diverseness of the instances ( with four of the six affecting European struggles ) . but his single chapters are comprehensive in their intervention of their topics. running a dense 40 to 50 pages each ( numbering notes ) . while offering adequate scope and deepness for a hunt for historical lessons. Together. along with the concise chapter in which Sterling offers his decisions. they make for a robust. lucid. and persuasive ( every bit good as accessible ) scrutiny of the issue. It might be protested that the instances Sterling examines bear small relevancy for current arguments about strategic barriers. which are less concerned with queering occupying ground forcess than commanding population and stuff flows ( with regard to issues like illegal in-migration ) —a affair Sterling brings up early on but devotes small infinite to ( and none at all exterior of the Roman and Ming instances ) . However. much of Sterling’s broader analysis ( for case. sing the alterations forced on behaviour by a wall’s presence. care costs. and impact on perceptual experiences ) is applicable to those affairs every bit good. and readers chiefly interested in those issues can besides anticipate to happen the book worth their piece. Make Good Fences Make Good Neighbors? is a solid start to a sounder argument about this of import topic and is likely to turn out indispensable reading for pupils of its topic for old ages to come.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Example Essay Example

Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Example Paper Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Introduction Dell-New Horizons HBS case-9-502-022 Introduction As a consecutively successful and fast-growing company, Dell’s management got the pressure of maintaining the rapid growth. On the other hand, the hyper-growth in the PC industry over-drafted some growth potential in the coming years and the bubble of the internet economy burst so the speed of the growth would slow down. Since March 2000, Dell’s performance in market capitalization and stock prices had got a slump. In addition, competitions were becoming ferocious so Dell frequently lowered its prices, lowering profit margins as well. Therefore, how to maintain a 30% growth in revenues and earnings year after year was a challenge to Dell. Dell faced the options such as product growth, service growth and international markets growth. In the product growth section, personal computers, workstations, servers and storage were the portfolio. Whether to enter new product categories such as high-end servers, external storage and enterprise services was on the table for the management. The financial constraint was $7. 9 billion in cash on its balance sheet. (In 2000, net income + average growth on liabilities=$ 5,146 million). In this analysis, we will scrutinize the growth options and Dell’s ability in certain fields to make sure which options are suitable for it. Finally, we will lay out a prospective plan to pursue growth. Analysis Dell’s success relies on the growing market of PC industry, its business model and its superior ability to execute to sustain the business model. Dell Direct model was about low cost, direct customer relationships and virtual integration. It was a high velocity, efficient distribution system characterized by build-to-order manufacturing, and products and services targeted at specific market segments. Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Body Paragraphs From mail orders and phone orders to internet orders processing, Dell has a long history and experience in direct selling, making it difficult for competitors to imitate. Personal computers This is the biggest segment with $ 217 billion in 2000. It was almost 75% of Dell’s revenues and the market still grew at 10% even though it slowed down from a speed of 20%. It was very important so Dell still need to work hard on this field. Further prices cutting might get some players out of this game while it would harm Dell as well. Dell’s operating incomes on sales were 9% in 1999, 8% in 2000, and 5% in 2001. Without new effective ways to cut costs down further, prices cutting would harm the industry and Dell itself. Dell can expand in this segment by focus on small and medium businesses. International markets such as Asia/Pacific and Japan are main fields to grow. Dell already did a good job in relationship business, producing 60% Dell’s U. S revenues. While in small an d medium businesses, Dell had enough space to expand because only 30% of U. S revenue was from this segment and small and medium businesses are countless. Workstations This is the smallest segment in Dell’s products portfolio. The market was $9. 2 billion in 2000 worldwide. Dell already got 36. 8% in U. S and 29. 6% worldwide. With the increasing of Windows-based workstations, Dell’s share can be expected to grow. This segment can contribute revenues to Dell while Dell should not allocate too many resources on it. Servers This is the second largest segment. It was $69 billion in 2000 and kept 7% growth per year. SIAS enjoyed annual growth in excess of 30% and Dell played in SIAS arena and had 25. 5% share in 2001. Therefore, Dell’s management considered entering high-end servers. It is reasonable because Dell had no market share in high-end servers. Storage This market was $69 billion in 2000 and kept 23% growth per year. The industry trend was that NAS and SAN were getting two-thirds of the market while DAS would fall to one-thirds from 70%. Dell’s products mainly were NAS with cheaper prices than competitors’ such as Compaq, Network Appliance and Sun N8200. Dell also allied with EMC by selling its CLARiiON line of products. This is a good idea because Dell can acquire experience and expertise in SAN products and know more about EMC. Manufacturing is easy while selling is difficult. Dell had powerful direct sales force in medium and small business and government accounts. After Dell gets technology, experience and expertise in SAN, it can get into this field. From 1996 to 2001, Dell’s profit margin on sales was 8% in 1998 and 1999, the highest, while it was 1% in 1997 and 2001, the lowest. On the other hand, EMC’s profit margin on sales was 20% in 2000, the highest, and 12% in 1996 and 1998, the lowest. It was more profitable than Dell’s PC products. Dell had reasons to pursue bigger market share in this market. Critics thought that Dell did not have robust products and was not getting help from Microsoft and Intel in terms of getting the quality of stuff and that Dell had no strength in reliability, serviceability, availability and manageability. However, that does not mean that Dell cannot acquire supports from Microsoft and Inter and that Dell cannot cultivate the abilities. Dell launched Controlled Deplyment Team to improve its abilities. Service Portfolio It contributed $2 billion to Dell’s 2000 revenues and was an increasingly important part of its portfolio. Dell had strength in speed, costs and prices. It can leverage the strength to expand the service portfolio. Of course, it is limited by other products Dell can sell. It cannot be separate from Dell’s products. If it was separated, the workers would spend time and money to study other competitors’ products and this would improve competitors’ service availability. International market growth The PC market worldwide was 3 times bigger than the U. S market and the workstations market worldwide was twice of the U. S market while Dell had only 25% revenues outside the U. S. It is not difficulty to understand that Kevin Rollins was particularly keen to bring Dell’s international revenues up to the U. S. benchmark. In the U. S. , Dell was the number one in PC and workstations while it was the third in Western Europe, the 7th in Asia/Pacific and the 8th in Japan. Kevin Rollins’ assumption is reasonable. Dell can be the number one in the U. S. Why can’t in other countries? It confronted almost the same competitors in foreign countries as in the U. S. Recommendation To maintain a 32% growth, we recommend a 25% growth in the U. S. and a 50% growth in the international market. Even in 2001, Dell’s growth was 26%, the lowest since 1996. Therefore, a 25% growth in the U. S. is reasonable. From 1998 to 2000, Western Europe market grew by 26%, 88% in Asia/Paci fic, 78% in Japan, 52% in Latin America and 39% in the rest of the world. So an expected 50% growth in the international market is practical. Dell should expand high-end servers and external storage market by leveraging its cost advantages, high velocity and good executions. In addition, it should aggressively expand in international markets, focusing on Germany, China and Brazil. To get bigger shares in high-end servers and external storage, Dell can ally with Microsoft and Intel. They already had cooperation and allies in PC and workstations. The homework is just to expand these allies to high-end servers and external storage by negotiations. Even it can consider a merge or purchasing with EMC so EMC can contribute the technology and expertise and Dell can contribute the sales channels, low costs, and excellent executions. Dell also needs to allocate more budgets to RD to develop â€Å"robust products†. We recommend increasing the budget for RD to 3% from 1. %. The market s egment is small and mid-size companies. EMC’s products are too expensive. Dell can target this market by offering much cheaper and a little storage solutions. Low costs and prices are Dell’s strength. On the other hand, the sufficient growth in the market can bring profits to Dell. To expand in the international markets, people are the key. Why didn’t Dell play the best in foreign countries as it did in the U. S? The answer should be that the management teams in foreign countries were not competent in those markets. Probably they were very good in the U. S. ut not in foreign countries due to languages and cultures. Dell should launch a program to recruit and train more competent managers who are natives in foreign countries and know their markets very well and let them work in the U. S. to learn Dell’s culture, values, and management skills, and then relocate them to their homelands to take management positions. In addition, aggressive marketing in these markets is important, more sales people, more advertising, more promotion and more distributors, if applicable. Projected Income Statement ($ in millions) 2001 Forecast Basis 2002 2003 2004 2005 Net Sales 31888 132%2001 sales 42092. 16 55561. 65 73341. 38 96810. 62 Cost of Sales 25445 80%2002 sales 33673. 73 44449. 32 58673. 1 77448. 5 Gross Profit 6443 8418. 432 11112. 33 14668. 28 19362. 12 SGA 3193 10%2002 sales 4209. 216 5556. 165 7334. 138 9681. 062 R 482 3%2002 sales 1262. 765 1666. 85 2200. 241 2904. 319 Special Charge 105 Operating Income 2663 2946. 451 3889. 316 5133. 897 6776. 743 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Average Total liabilites’ growth 36% 53% 35% 27% 38% Profit margin on sales 5% 1% 8% 8% 7% 1% Operating income on sales 9% 8% 5% Sales growth 52% 47% 59% 48% We will write a custom essay sample on Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dell New Horizons Case Analysis Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer